VCS

Impact of stress on the menstrual cycle

Stress activates a hormonal pathway in the body called the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (10). Activation of the HPA axis is associated with increased levels of cortisol and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (10). The HPA axis, cortisol, and CRH help control stress response in the body (10). CRH and cortisol release can suppress normal levels of reproductive

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How to manage PMS

Exercising and eating right can control the bloating, depression, irritability and mood changes associated with PMS   Exercise. Physical activity can lift moods and improve depression. It’s believed that endorphins — feel-good brain chemicals that are released during exercise — may help counteract some of the hormone changes that may trigger severe PMS Reduce salt: Eating less salt

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PMS and PMDD

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition that affects a woman’s emotions, physical health, and behavior during certain days of the menstrual cycle, generally just before her menses. PMS is a very common condition. Its symptoms affect more than 90 percent of menstruating women. PMS symptoms, including mood swings, occur during the last (luteal) phase of the menstrual cycle,

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Lactobacilli importance in sexual health

Lactobacilli are strongly associated with reduced risks of infections by reproductive tract pathogens, including HIV-1 , HSV-2  Trichomonas vaginalis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis , as well as the multiple species of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV)  Lactobacilli are tolerated by vaginal epithelial cells and inhibit induction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Increased exposure to

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The vaginal microbiome and why it matters

The vaginal microbiota has great significance in maintaining vaginal health and protecting the host from disease. Vaginal lactobacilli produce lactic acid, that provide protection against reproductive tract infections. This acidification of the vagina to a pH of 3.0–4.5 results in inhibition of the growth of other bacteria.  Lactobacilli bind to the surface of vaginal epithelial

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Dysmenorrhea and Socioeconomic Impact of woman

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is pain during menstrual bleeding without organ pathological abnormalities. PD is a key women’s health burden and is also one of the public problems in the world.An estimated 140 million hours are lost annually from school or work because of dysmenorrhea; in the US, ~600 million working hours are lost annually as

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Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV), is the most frequent vaginal disturbance in reproductive age women. It is characterised by a large decrease in lactobacilli  bacteria in the vagina and replaced by predominantly anaerobic bacteria including Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus and Escherichia coli from the rectum have also been shown to cause the disease.  common for

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